What food-storing birds remember.

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Abstract
Food-storing birds are able to remember the spatial locations of large numbers of scattered caches for periods ranging from a few days to several months, and use visual cues to do so. The birds can perform a number of operations on the remembered set of storage sites, including recalling which caches were previously exploited, and which caches were lost to other animals. The behavior of food-storing birds is compared with that of other animals in laboratory studies of memory with respect to the number of items that can be recalled, the length of retention intervals and serial position effects.