Redox and Phosphorylation States and Metabolite Concentrations in Frozen Clamped Livers of Rats Fed Diets Containing 1,3-Butanediol and DL-Carnitine

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Abstract
Diets containing 1,3-butanediol (BD) with and without added carnitine were fed to rats for 43 days and the concentrations of metabolites were measured in frozen clamped livers. The free pyridine and adenine nucleotide ratios were calculated from measured metabolites. The concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, 3-phosphoglutarate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, α-glycerophosphate, glucose-6-phosphate and α-oxoglutarate were significantly decreased in livers of rats fed BD. The acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate and acetyl CoA were increased in BD-fed rats. The free cytoplasmic and mitochondrial [NAD+]/[NADH] and [NADP+]/[NADPH] ratios were significantly decreased. Carnitine had no effect on metabolite levels in rats fed 30% fat diets, but in rats fed 30% fat plus 20% BD diets, liver acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate were decreased. These results show that BD exerts its effects on metabolite levels and redox ratios both in cytoplasm and mitochondria.