Evaluation of an infrared laser-Doppler blood flowmeter

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Abstract
Several laser-Doppler blood flowmeters are now commercially available; however, only one utilizes an infrared laser diode (Laserflo, TSI, St. Paul, MN). Because of this and other unique features such as its microprocessor-based signal analyzer, we evaluated this device''s ability to measure tissue perfusion. Initially, we determined whether laser illumination directly affected the microvasculature. Intravital microscopic observations in the hamster cremaster muscle indicated that neither Ne-Ne nor infrared laser light affected the diameters of arterioles that were responsive to vasoactive agents. To test the flowmeter for linearity and repeatability, we used a rotating disk to simulate a light-scattering, flowing medium. The "flow" was highly correlated (r = 0.99) with the rotational velocity of the disk, was consistent among flow probes, and showed a high degree of reproducibility. The second model consisted of microsphere suspensions pumped through cuvettes. The laser-Doppler velocimeter (LDV) flow signal was linear with respect to pump output. With red blood cells in the perfusate, we examined the effects of blood oxygenation on the flowmeter''s performance. The LDV flow signal was unaffected by changes in blood oxygenation. We evaluated linearity in vivo in isolated, perfused rat livers and in isolated canine gastric flaps. We observed linear relationships between total flow and laser-Doppler flow measured on the surface of the liver (r = 0.98) and in the gastric mucosa (r = 0.98), but the slopes of the relationships between total and local LDV flow showed considerable variability not noted in the in vitro studies. We conclude that the TSI laser-Doppler blood flowmeter provides a stable, reproducible, relatively noninvasive method for continuously monitoring tissue perfusion. However, the small volume of tissue in which LDV measures perfusion is not always representative of total blood flow in the whole organ.

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