Controversy and Cumulation: Meta-Analysis and Research on Interpersonal Expectancy Effects

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Abstract
Meta-analysis has had a major impact on theory and research on interpersonal expectancy effects. This article describes the initial controversy surrounding expectancy effects and how meta-analysis was used to resolve it. The contribution of meta-analysis to theory on expectancy effects is then illustrated with descriptions of meta-analyses of the bases of teacher expectancies, the relationship between length of acquaintance and expectancy effects, mediation of expectancy effects, and personality moderators of expectancy effects. Future areas that could be investigated with meta-analysis are described. Lastly, the question of how research on expectancy effects has influenced the development of meta-analysis is considered.