Urodynamic Norms in Female Voiding. II. The Flow Modulation Zone and Voiding Dysfunction

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Abstract
The urodynamic parameters during voiding are tabulated for a group of women with voiding dysfunction. These patients have consistently lower flow rates than a normal population and the cross-sectional area of the voided stream is statistically less in the patient group. The parameters measured can behave as they do only if there is a zone of active neuromuscular control of the urinary stream localized within the urethra. Surgical intervention in this flow modulation zone tends to compromise voiding function and to affect flow rate adversely.