The classification and phylogenetic relationships of the Actinomycetales

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Abstract
The taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of members of the order Actinomycetales have been examined. On the basis of cellular and colony morphology, cell wall composition, fermentation products, and certain physiological characteristics, the taxa within the family Actinomycetaceae were divided into two groups. Each group was closely related to members of the family Lactobacillaceae. one group consisted of Actinomycesisraelii, A. naeslundii, A. propionicus, Nocardia dentocariosus and Odontomyces viscosis (“hamster organism”). The second group consisted of A. bovis, A. eriksonii, and Lactobacillus bifidus type II (L. parabifidus). This latter organism was renamed Actinomyces parabifidus nov. comb. because its morphological, physiological and beiochemcial characteristics related it to the members of both groups of trhe genus Actinomyces. The families Streptomycetaceae and Mycobacteriaceae appeared more closely related to the family Corynebacteriaceae than to the family Corynebacteriaceae than to the family Actinomycetaceae. The use of the certain criteria for classification and determiniation of phylogenetic relationships was discussed. We have stressed those areas in which necessary information is lacking.

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