Genome size variation in the North American sunfish genusLepomis(Pisces: Centrarchidae)

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Abstract
Summary: Genome sizes (nuclear DNA contents) were documented spectrophotometrically from individuals of each of nine species of the North American centrarchid (sunfish) genusLepomis. The distributions of DNA values within and among the nine species were essentially normal and continuous, suggesting that changes in DNA quantity inLepomisare small in amount, involve both gains and losses of DNA, and are cumulative and independent in effect. Significant differences in mean genome size were found between individuals within populations in all nine species and between species. Nested analysis of variance and comparisons of average genome size difference or distance between individuals drawn from different levels of taxonomic organization revealed that the majority of genome size divergence inLepomisoccurs above the hierarchical level of individuals within populations. TheLepomisdata when compared to similar data from North American cyprinid fishes appear to suggest that: (i) genome size evolution in these fishes at least follows a continuous rather than a discontinuous mode; (ii) the general predictions of hypothetical models relating genome size variation as a function of organismal position along adaptive continua may be oversimplified, or not applicable to complex, higher eukaryotes; and (iii) changes in genome size in these fishes may be concentrated in speciation episodes.