Minorities, Crime, and Criminal Justice in the Federal Republic of Germany

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Abstract
In the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), research on foreign and ethnic minorities has been stimulated mainly because of the so-called guest workers (gastarbeiter) who came to Germany in the early 1960s (Kaiser, 1974). Economic prosperity and a shortage of labor led to considerable governmental and private effort aimed at attracting workers from southern European countries (predominantly Italy, Spain, and Portugal) to Germany. Consequently, social science became interested in the topics of immigration and immigrant minorities. The focus of criminological research initially was on foreign “guest” workers; however, because the ethnic composition of immigrants, the motivation for migration, and ...

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