Mortality of pregnant females in Arikara villages: Osteological evidence

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Abstract
High infant mortality and high mortality for late adolescent and young adult females suggest that obstetrical hazards may be one explanation for differences in male and female mortality curves. This possiblity is investigated in Arikara skeletal series by determining the frequency of females who died with fetal remains in utero. Two females (0.9%) were so identified. Examination of the females and the fetal remains do not provide evidence that stress of childbearing was the cause of death in these cases.