Theory of Thermocells

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Abstract
A general expression for the EMF of a thermocell has been developed. The equation is based on two principles: delocalized mass and energy conservation in the electric circuit. The development differs from other presentations in two respects: coupled flux equations and Onsager relations are not used to bring out the characteristics of the thermocell. Only well‐defined measurable quantities are used. It is shown that the common expressions based on entropies of the constituents and entropies of transport are contained in the new expression.

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