Abstract
Methods are described for finding the position, radius, and strength of ideal current loops to represent the magnetic field of 1) a partially immersed convergent electron gun, 2) a short solenoid, using the Helmholtz concept extended to triplets and quadruplets, and 3) a periodic permanent magnet (P.P.M.) focusing stack for a TWT. The parameters of the coils then constitute a complete description of the magnetic field with no paraxial approximation.

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