Abstract
The history of synthetic dyes until the First World War is briefly described. It falls naturally into four parts. In the first an account is given of early work on the composition of natural dyes and of coal‐tar oil. Then follows, starting with Perkin's discovery of Mauve, the story of the early days of the industry and of the “triphenylmethane period”. The third section describes the early development of the azo dyes and finally there is an account of the main trends in the field of the vat dyes.

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