Medical Planning for Mass Gatherings: A Retrospective Review of the San Antonio Papal Mass

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Abstract
There are limited data available and no recognized standards or guidelines for providing emergency medical care at large public event The organizational planning of emergency medical care for the 1987 San Antonio Papal Mass was reviewed. Medical care was provided using a multi-tiered system. The San Antonio EMS system played a leading role in the design, administration, and implementation of this medical care.An analysis of the types and frequencies of emergency medical problems encountered by health care providers is detailed. The total attendance was approximately 100,000, 1.5% (1553) required medical attention, and 241 were evaluated on-site by physicians. The majority of medical problems encountered were managed by non-physician, health care providers.Severe environmental conditions with a heat index exceeding 102°F were responsible for 174 cases (72%) of heat-related illness. A total of 55 patients required transport to local emergency department. There were no cardiopulmonary arrests, major injuries, or deaths.

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