Enzyme Replacement in Murine Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII: Neuronal and Glial Response to β-Glucuronidase Requires Early Initiation of Enzyme Replacement Therapy

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Abstract
We have previously shown that mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII) mice receiving six weekly injections of recombinant β-glucuronidase from birth had improved cognitive ability and reduced central nervous system lysosomal storage. However, a single β-glucuronidase injection at 5 wk of age did not correct neuronal storage. We define the age at which central nervous system storage in MPS VII mice becomes resistant to β-glucuronidase therapy and determine the effect of enzyme on other tissues by comparing the histology of mice begun on therapy at various times after birth. MPS VII mice received injections on the day of birth and then weekly for 5 wk with 16 000U/g β-glucuronidase had reduced lysosomal storage in brain. The same therapy begun on d 14 of life or thereafter failed to correct neuronal storage, even when treatment was continued for six doses. Glial responsiveness or accessibility to enzyme also depended on early treatment. In contrast, leptomeningeal, osteoblast, and retinal pigment epithelial storage reduction depended on enzyme dose rather than age at initiation of therapy. Fixed tissue macrophage storage was reduced in all treated MPS VII mice, even those receiving a single dose. These observations indicate that fixed tissue macrophages in MPS VII mice remain sensitive to enzyme replacement therapy well into adulthood although neurons are responsive or accessible to enzyme therapy early in life. Because early initiation of enzyme replacement is important to achieve a central nervous system response, these studies emphasize the importance of newborn screening for lysosomal storage diseases so that early treatment can maximize the likelihood of a favorable therapeutic response.