Coordinate production of PGE, and IL‐1β in the gingival crevicular fluid of adults with periodontitis: its relationship to alveolar bone loss and disruption by twice daily treatment with ketorolac tromethamine oral rinse

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Abstract
The inflammatory mediators prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) play critical roles in the inflammatory process leading to alveolar bone and connective tissue loss in periodontal disease. Data from a previously published 6‐month clinical study demonstrated that twice daily use of 0.1% ketorolac tromethamine oral rinse prevented alveolar bone loss in adults with periodontitis. We further analyzed data from this study to examine the relationship between PGE2, IL‐1β and bone loss. Patient mean PGE2, and IL‐1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid (M‐GCF) measured throughout the course of the study were directly compared to the maximum amount of alveolar bone height loss observed at a single study site in each patient. The maximum amount of bone loss measured was chosen for the analysis since the pattern of bone loss was clearly episodic in nature. A statistically significant correlation (r = 0.73, p = 0.001) exists between M‐GCF PGE2 concentration and the maximum amount of bone height lost at individual patient study sites. The correlation between M‐GCF IL‐1β concentration and maximum bone height lost is also statistically significant (r = 0.66, p = 0.005). Over the 6‐month duration of the study, both PGE, and IL‐1β were coordinately expressed in the placebo treatment group as reflected in the significant correlation between M‐GCF concentrations of the 2 mediators (r=0.81, p2, and IL‐1β for predicting risk of alveolar bone loss in patients with periodontitis and monitoring periodontal therapy effectiveness.