Abstract
Anopheles gambiae is the main vector of falciparum malaria in Swaziland. Comparison of the epidemic of 1946 (pre-control period) with that of 1953 (after 3 yrs. of control measures) shows the efficacy of residual spraying of native huts in rural areas by the reduction of cases from over 5700 to less than 800. European rural areas were not sprayed and most of the cases in 1953 could be traced to such uncontrolled centers of infection. While A. gambiae can probably never be completely eliminated from the country, continued control spraying of native huts in general, and inclusion of European rural areas in the program, can efficiently reduce the malaria problem to relative unimportance.

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