DEPTH OF FREEZING AND SPRING RUN-OFF AS RELATED TO FALL SOIL-MOISTURE LEVEL

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Abstract
Studies were conducted at Mandan, North Dakota, to evaluate effects of soil moisture level in the fall and snow depth on depth of freezing and spring run-off. Results showed that soil which was dry in the fall froze faster and deeper than a wet soil. Insulative effects of snow increased with snow depth. In the spring, a dry profile thawed upward to the surface while a wet soil thawed both upward to and downward from the soil surface. Run-off in the spring was less from dry soil. Completion of run-off coincided with frost removal from the dry plots but thawing was not complete in the wet soil until about 10 days after run-off had ceased. Time of run-off completion was the same for wet or dry soils.

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