Detection of Drugs Using XAD-2 Resin. I: Choice of Resin, Chromatographic Conditions, and Recovery Studies

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Abstract
In 1969 Fujimoto and Wang [1] introduced a new drug extraction technique when they applied Amberlite®XAD-2 a nonionic polystyrene divinylbenzene resin, to the analysis of narcotic analgesics in urine. The resin was prepared by washing it with water and methanol, and after the urine sample was poured through a column containing the resin the adsorbed drugs were eluted with methanol and subsequently analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Morphine, meperidine, codeine, methadone, levorphanol, pentazocine, and dihydromorphinone were detected in therapeutic concentrations. Many modifications of the original procedure successfully applied XAD-2 and other similar resins to the extraction of drugs from urine and, more recently, other biological fluids and tissues.