Cortical F-actin underlies cellulose microfibril patterning in brown algal cells

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Abstract
The organization of actin filaments (AFs) was studied using rhodamine-phalloidin staining of F-actin in four different cell types of brown algae, namely: (1) differentiating cells of Sphacelaria rigidula; (2) the apical cells of Dictyota dichotoma; (3) the subapical cells of Choristocarpus tenellus; and (4) the meristematic epidermal cells of D. dichotoma. In all cases, it was revealed that, apart from the perinuclear and cytoplasmic AFs, intensely fluorescent AF bundles are present, forming a cortical system with a definite orientation in each cell type. In (1) and (4) the cortical AFs showed a transverse orientation, in (2) they were randomly distributed, and in (3) a principally axial orientation was combined with a reticulate one. Examination of thin sections under the transmission electron microscope revealed that cell wall microfibrils (MFs) of the innermost wall layer were always oriented parallel to the underlying cortical AFs. Cytochalasin B treatment of developing thalli of D. dichotoma...

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