Ultrastructural changes caused by lipid extraction of pollen of Pinus echinata

Abstract
Lipid-extracted and non-lipid-extracted Pinus echinata Mill. pollen grains were examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and freeze-etching and thin-sectioning procedures used with transmission electron microscopy. Non-lipid-extracted pollen grains floated in aqueous solutions, sacci were not collapsed, and organelles were not disrupted. Lipid-extracted pollen grains did not float in aqueous solutions, sacci collapsed, and organelles were disrupted. In the vacuum of the scanning electron microscope the sporoderm in the aperture-bearing area collapsed causing sacci to come into contact with each other.

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