Response of Bacillus Spores to Combinations of Germinative Compounds

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Abstract
Spores of 21 strains of Bacillus megaterium and 25 other strains representing 13 species of Bacillus were produced under standardized conditions. The germination of a washed spore suspension of each strain was measured as a response to various combinations of 30 different germinative compounds. The strains were first typed with respect to their response to "primary" germination compounds, i.e., glucose, L-alanine, inosine, and L-alanine-inosine mixture, and also Na+ and K+. The second stage was the determination of the response to various organic and inorganic anions and cations, each strain being supplied with the "primary" compounds best for it. Marked differences in germination patterns were observed among species and strains of the same species. No relation to established taxonomic lines was evident. A nonspecific requirement for ions was found for all strains but not all ions were effective. A striking degree of interchangeability of germinative chemicals was found. "Fractional germination" was very common. A mixture of L-alanine and inosine and various ions was the best germination patterns were encountered. Those studied included a strain whose cells lysed spontaneously upon germination and other strains for which L-leucine had striking germinative powers.