The superposition of small deformations on large deformations: Measurements of the incremental relaxation modulus for a polyisobutylene solution

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Abstract
The incremental relaxation modulus ΔG(t) for a concentrated solution of polyisobutylene has been determined from step‐shear experiments in which a small deformation Δγ was superimposed on a large deformation γ1; ΔG(t) was found to decrease with increasing γ1 and to increase with the time te after the imposition of the large deformation. It was also observed that the “apparent relaxation specturm” associated with δG(t) narrows and shifts to shorter times when compared to the spectrum associated with the linear viscoelastic relaxation modulus G(t). The results are well described by the nonlinear constitutive equation of the BKZ elastic fluid theory.