Interaction Between Two Rotating Dipolar Systems and a Generalization to the Rotational Double-Temperature Potential

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Abstract
A field‐theoretic approach is used to derive general expressions for the adiabatic interaction between two rotating dipolar systems. The treatment applies to systems having the same temperature as well as to systems having different temperatures. The results, which are expressed in terms of the dipole moments, moments of inertia, and temperatures of the two systems are valid, in second‐order approximation, over the whole range of temperatures including the region where quantum effects are important. The classical limit reduces to the Keesom potential for equal temperatures. When the temperatures are different the classical potential can take on positive (repulsive) values as well as negative (attractive) values, depending on the temperature difference and ratio of temperature to moment of inertia of the two systems for large temperature differences the potential is always repulsive. The general equations are analyzed and the quantum‐statistical implication underlying the theory is discussed.