Transforming Growth Factor Activity Is a Key Determinant for the Effect of Estradiol on Fatty Streak Deposit in Hypercholesterolemic Mice

Abstract
Objective— Whereas estradiol prevents fatty streak deposit in immunocompetent apoE−/− or LDLr−/− mice, it is totally ineffective in immunodeficient mice, underlining the key role of immunoinflammat... The role of several cytokines involved in the atheromatous process was evaluated in the protective effect of estradiol on fatty streak constitution. We demonstrate that the integrity of the TGF-bet...