Pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine in carp (Cyprinus carpioL.) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneriRichardson) acclimated at two different temperature levels

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Abstract
The influence of temperature (10° C and 20° C) on pharmacokinetics and metabolism of sulphadimidine (SDM) in carp and trout was studied. At 20° C a significantly lower level of distribution (Vdarea ) and a significantly shorter elimination half‐life (T (½>) β) was achieved in both species compared to the 10° C level. In carp the body clearance parameter (ClB (SDM) was significantly higher at 20° C compared to the value at 10° C, whereas for trout this parameter was in the same order of magnitude for both temperatures. N4‐acetylsulphadimidine (N4‐SDM) was the main metabolite of SDM in both species at the two temperature levels. The relative N4‐SDM plasma percentage in carp was significantly higher at 20° C than at 10° C, whereas there was in trout no significant difference. In neither species was the peak plasma concentration of N4‐SDM (CmaxN4‐SDM)) significantly different at two temperatures. The corresponding peak time of this metabolite (Tmax (N4‐SDM)) was significantly shorter at 20° C compared to 10° C in both carp and trout. In carp at both temperatures, acetylation occurs to a greater extent than hydroxylation. Only the 6‐hydroxymethyl‐metabolite (SCH2OH) was detected in carp, at a significant different level at the two temperatures. Concentrations of hydroxy metabolites in trout were at the detection level of the HPLC‐method (0.02‐μg/ml). The glucuronide metabolite (SOH‐gluc.) was not detected in either species at the two temperatures.