Myosin-X is an unconventional myosin that undergoes intrafilopodial motility

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Abstract
Filopodia are thin cellular protrusions that are important in cell motility and neuronal growth cone guidance. The actin filaments that make up the core of a filopodium undergo continuous retrograde flow towards the cell body. Surface receptors or particles can couple to this retrograde flow and can also move forward to the tips of filopodia, although the molecular basis of forward transport is unknown. We report here that myosin-X (Myo10 or M10), the founding member of a novel class of myosins, localizes to the tips of filopodia and undergoes striking forward and rearward movements within filopodia, which we term intrafilopodial motility. The movements of the GFP-M10 puncta correspond to forward and rearward movements of phase-dense granules along the filopodia. Finally, overexpressing full-length M10 (but not truncated forms of M10) causes an increase in the number and length of filopodia, indicating that M10 or its cargo may function in filopodial dynamics. The localization and movements of M10 strongly suggest that it functions as a motor for intrafilopodial motility.