Cisplatin- and UV-damaged DNA lure the basal transcription factor TFIID/TBP

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Abstract
A connection between transcription and DNA repair was demonstrated previously through the characterization of TFIIH. Using filter binding as well as in vitro transcription challenge competition assays, we now show that the promoter recognition factor TATA box‐binding protein (TBP)/TFIID binds selectively to and is sequestered by cisplatin‐ or UV‐damaged DNA, either alone or in the context of a larger protein complex including TFIIH. Computer‐assisted 3D structural analysis reveals a remarkable similarity between the structure of the TATA box as found in its TBP complex and that of either platinated or UV‐damaged oligonucleotides. Thus, cisplatin‐treated or UV‐irradiated DNA could be used as a competing binding site which may lure TBP/TFIID away from its normal promoter sequence, partially explaining the phenomenon of DNA damage‐induced inhibition of RNA synthesis. Consistent with an involvement of damaged DNA‐specific binding of TBP in inhibiting transcription, we find that microinjection of additional TBP in living human fibroblasts alleviates the reduction in RNA synthesis after UV irradiation. Future anticancer drugs could be designed with the consideration of lesion recognition by TBP and their ability to reduce transcription.