THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS ON EMERGENCE OF CEREAL GRAINS, FLAX AND RAPE

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Abstract
Ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate and treble superphosphate fertilizers placed in a band with seeds of wheat, oats, barley, flax and rape were found to delay and/or reduce emergence. Order of tolerance of these crops was oats > barley > wheat >> rape > flax. The nitrogen fertilizer was more injurious than the two phosphate fertilizers, when applied on the basis of N and P2O5 content, respectively. Injury to emergence increased with lower soil temperature. This effect was greatest with treble superphosphate and was only slight with ammonium nitrate. Injury to emergence increased with lower soil moisture content. This effect was very marked with ammonium nitrate but was less with treble superphosphate. For wheat, oats and barley, delay in emergence was more pronounced than reduction. However, for flax and rape relatively light applications of fertilizers both delayed and reduced emergence and exposure of seeds to fertilizer in soils of low moisture content rapidly reduced ability to germinate. Damage to flax was apparently increased by soil micro-organisms.Injury to emergence was eliminated when fertilizers were broadcast or placed in a band one inch or more away from the seed.

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