A simplified formula for viscous and chemical absorption in sea water

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Abstract
A simplified expression is presented for predicting the absorption of sound in sea water, retaining the essential dependence on temperature, pressure, salinity, and acidity of the more complicated formula on which it is based [R. E. Francois and G. R. Garrison, “Sound absorption based on ocean measurements. Part II: Boric acid contribution and equation for total absorption,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72, 1879–1890 (1982)]. The accuracy of the simplified formula is demonstrated by comparison with the original one for a range of oceanographic conditions and frequencies between 100 Hz and 1 MHz.

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