Flame‐retardant thermoplastics. I. Polyethylene–red phosphorus

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Abstract
Red phosphorus is a highly effective flame retardant for polyolefins. The low additive levels of red phosphorus in polyethylene make it an attractive route to nonhalogen flame‐retardant systems. The mode of action of the red phosphorus has been investigated. Results indicate that the red phosphorus is effective both in the vapor and condensed phase. In the gas phase, PO species produced from the combustion of red phosphorus quench radical processes. In the condensed phase, the red phosphorus substantially lowers the heat of oxidation and traps radicals. This improved thermal stability results in a decrease in fuel production during burning.