Nonuniform activation of the agonist muscle does not covary with index finger acceleration in old adults

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Abstract
This study examined the patterns of activation in the superficial and deep parts of the first dorsal interosseus muscle and in the antagonist muscle, second palmar interosseus, during postural tasks (position holding) and slow movements (position tracking) of the index finger performed by young and old adults. The position-tracking task involved the index finger lifting light loads (2.5, 10, and 35% of maximum) with shortening and lengthening contractions as steadily as possible. Steadiness was quantified in both tasks as the standard deviation of index finger acceleration. The fluctuations in acceleration during the two tasks were greater for the old subjects (62–72 yr) compared with young subjects (19–27 yr), especially with the lightest loads. The two groups of subjects activated the superficial and deep parts of first dorsal interosseus at similar intensities during the position-holding task, whereas the deep part was more active during the shortening and lengthening contractions of the position-tracking task. The nonuniform activation of first dorsal interosseus, therefore, was not associated with the difference in the standard deviation of acceleration between the young and old subjects. Furthermore, there was no association between the average level of coactivation by the antagonist muscle and the standard deviation of acceleration for either group of subjects across these tasks. Thus the greater variability in motor output exhibited by the older adults could not be explained by either the nonuniform activation of the agonist muscle or the average level of coactivation by the antagonist muscle.