Electrolyte Leakage, Lipoxygenase, and Lipid Peroxidation Induced in Tomato Leaf Tissue by Specific and Nonspecific Elicitors from Cladosporium fulvum

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Abstract
Glycoprotein nonspecific elicitor (NSE) and a specific elicitor preparation from intercellular fluids (SE) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv Bonny Best or Potentate) infected with race 2.4.5 of Cladosporium fulvum Cooke [syn. Fulvia fulva (Cooke) Ciferri] were injected into cv Sonatine (resistant to race 2.4.5) to compare electrolyte leakage, lipoxygenase activity, and lipid peroxidation induced in response to these elicitors. Increased electrolyte leakage was induced by NSE or SE; the leakage due to NSE but not to SE was inhibited by the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) piroxicam. Under normal photoperiod conditions, higher levels of lipoxygenase activity were detected 6 hours after injection with either elicitor. This activity peaked by 12 hours with both elicitors and declined to control levels by 24 hours when visible necrosis could be detected. Both NSE and SE-induced lipoxygenase was inhibited by piroxicam in vitro. Lipid peroxidation in elicitor-treated tissue was also assayed at 6, 12, and 24 hours after injection using the TBA test for malonaldehyde. Increased peroxidation was detected in response to NSE or SE at 12 hours with similar values obtained at 24 hours. With plants incubated in the dark, lipoxygenase, and lipid peroxidation were similarly induced in SE-injected tissue whereas necrosis induction by SE was light dependent.