Microbial adherence to vulvar epithelial cells

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Abstract
Summary Under uniform experimental conditions, different degrees of selective attachment of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans to epithelial cells of the labium majus, the labium minus, and the vagina were compared and contrasted with those found in studies with cells of the buccal and nasal mucosa and forearm skin by a novel analysis of adherence density. For both micro-organisms, the larger, rougher cells of the labium majus gave the highest adherence scores matched only by the interaction of S. aureus with fully keratinised nasal epithelial cells. Increasing acidity to pH 3·5 enhanced microbial adherence to vaginal cells. Menstruation also influenced attachment; highest densities were reached between the third and fourth weeks of the cycle. Autogenous ribitol teichoic acid was found to block the attachment of S. aureus to labium majus and labium minus cells by 76% and 81% respectively, and to vaginal cells by 66%. Adherence is considered to be an important attribute of vulvar ecology and may be a determinant of infectious disease.