Wine and other types of alcoholic beverages and the risk of esophageal cancer

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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the separate and combined effect of wine-drinking and other alcoholic beverages on esophageal cancer, in a high wine-consuming population. Design: Combined analysis of two hospital-based case–control studies. Setting: Major teaching and general hospitals in the greater Milan area and in the province of Pordenone, in northern Italy. Subjects: A total of 714 incident cases of esophageal cancer, and 3137 controls admitted to hospital for acute, non-neoplastic conditions, unrelated to alcohol consumption. Intervention: Trained interviews identified and questioned cases and controls using standardized structured questionnaires, including information on the average number of days per week each type of alcoholic beverages (wine, beer, spirits) was consumed, and the average number of drinks per day. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using unconditional multiple logistic regression equations. Results: With reference to total alcohol drinking, as compared to non- or moderate drinkers (European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000) 54, 918–920

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