Evaluating Emergency Programs

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Abstract
Emergency programs, which often call for exceptions to ordinary rules and procedures and flexible, short-term, reactive activities that preempt attention from overall ends, pose special problems for both process and goal-attainment evaluations. An emergency is defined as: (1) a change in life circumstances so that individuals who could ordinarily cope can no longer do so without additional resources, and (2) a situation from which life-threatening or dangerous consequences are thought to flow. Relaxed standards are suggested in areas of targeting and coverage, equity, and efficiency. Such important secondary gains as development of community resources, establishing and reinforcing service networks, problem identification, and advocacy should be included in any general evaluation.

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