Systemic Corticosteroids in Infant Bronchiolitis: A Meta-analysis

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Abstract
Objective.: To determine whether corticosteroids are efficacious in treating bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants. Methods.: Online bibliographic databases (Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Clinical Trials Registry) were searched for: 1) bronchiolitis or respiratory syncytial virus, and 2) corticosteroid or glucocorticoid or steroidal antiinflammatory agents or adrenal cortex hormones. Reference lists from all selected articles were also examined. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials of systemic corticosteroids in treatment of infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis were selected by 2 investigators. Of 12 relevant publications identified in the literature search, 6 met the selection criteria and had relevant data available. Investigators independently extracted data for 3 outcomes: length of stay (LOS), duration of symptoms (DOS), and clinical scores. Results.: In the pooled analysis, infants who received corticosteroids had a mean LOS or DOS that was .43 days less than those who received the placebo treatment (95% confidence interval: −.81 to −.05 days). The effect size for mean clinical score was −1.60 (95% confidence interval: −1.92 to −1.28), favoring treatment. Secondary analyses of mean LOS or DOS were performed on 5 trials that had clearly identified methods of randomization, 5 trials that measured LOS, and 4 trials that clearly excluded infants with previous wheezing. The estimates of effect were similar to the primary analysis but were not statistically significant. Conclusions.: Combined, published reports of the effect of systemic corticosteroids on the course of bronchiolitis suggest a statistically significant improvement in clinical symptoms, LOS, and DOS.