Two-dimensional semiconducting nanostructures based on single graphene sheets with lines of adsorbed hydrogen atoms

It is shown that lines of adsorbed hydrogen pair atoms divide the graphene sheet into strips and form hydrogen-based superlattice structures (2HG-SL). We show that the formation of 2HG-SL changes the electronic properties of graphene from semimetal to semiconductor. The electronic spectra of “zigzag” $(n,0)$ 2HG-SL is similar to that of $(n,0)$ carbon nanotubes and have a similar oscillation of band gap with $n$ , but with nonzero minimal values. The composite dual-periodic $(n,0)+(m,0)$ 2HG-SLs of zigzag strips are analyzed, with the conclusion that they may be treated as quasi-two-dimensional heterostructures.