Lyme disease vaccine
- 1 March 1996
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Nature in Infection
- Vol. 24 (2) , 203-207
- https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01713340
Abstract
Subunit vaccines consisting of single recombinant outer surface proteins (Osp) ofBorrelia burgdorferi have been highly successful in protecting mice against challenge by borrelial strains closely related to the strain from which the immunogen was derived. Humoral immunity is sufficient for protection. A dual mode of action for these vaccines has been suggested because serum factors ingested by the tick during the blood meal may begin to reduce the spirochete inoculum prior to transmission to the host. At present two different recombinant OspA vaccine preparations (monovalent) are being evaluated in humans in large-scale phase III efficacy trials in the United States. Local discomfort at the intramuscular injection site has been the principal adverse effect seen to date with these vaccines, but further data on safety are being collected. The greater heterogeneity of OspA among LymeBorrelia in Europe implies that a vaccine preparation containing multiple antigens (multivalent) may be necessary there, although this is also a concern in the United States. Subunit-Vakzinen, die aus einzelnen rekombinanten Oberflächenproteinen (Osp) vonBorrelia burgdorferi bestehen, führten bei Mäusen zu einem sehr wirksamen Schutz gegen die Infektion mit Borrelienstämmen, die nahe Verwandtschaft mit dem für den Impfstoff verwendeten Stamm haben. Humorale Immunität erwies sich als ausreichend protektiv. Man hat angenommen, daß diese Impfstoffe eine doppelte Wirkung haben, da Serumfaktoren, die die Zecken während des Blutsaugens aufnehmen, das Spirochäteninokulum vor Übertragung auf den Wirt zu reduzieren vermögen. Derzeit werden zwei verschiedene rekombinante (monovalente) OspA-Impfstoffe in großen Phase-III-Studien in den Vereinigten Staaten erprobt. Lokale Beschwerden an der intramuskulären Injektionsstelle sind derzeit die wichtigsten Nebenwirkungen, die mit diesen Impfstoffen beobachtet werden, doch werden weitere Daten zur Frage der Sicherheit erhoben. Lyme-Borrelien haben in Europa eine ausgeprägtere Heterogenität, deshalb müßte eine Vakzine dort mehrere Antigene enthalten (multivalente Vakzine). Dieses Problem trifft allerdings auch für die USA zu.Keywords
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