Effect of Gravity on Gamma Radiation

Recoil-free resonant absorption of the 14.4-keV $\gamma$ ray in ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57}$ has been employed to measure the effect of gravity over a 75-ft vertical path in the Jefferson Laboratory, in an improved version of the experiment of Pound and Rebka. A ${\mathrm{Co}}^{57}$ source, initially 1.25 Ci, large-windowed proportional counters, and an enriched absorber foil 15 in. in diameter permitted a much increased counting rate. The employment of temperature-regulated ovens for source and absorbers and a redesigned monitor system to detect variations in waveform of the source velocity effected a reduction in systematic uncertainties. The result found was (0.9990±0.0076) times the value ${4.905\times 10}^{-15\mathrm{}}$ of $\frac{2gh}{c^2}$ predicted from the principle of equivalence. The range given here is the statistical standard deviation set by the number of counts involved. An estimated limit of systematic error is 0.010.