Changes in the biomechanical properties of neutrophils and endothelial cells during adhesion

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Abstract
This study examined changes in the biomechanical properties of cultured pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) and neutrophils induced by adhesion of neutrophils to these ECs. The biomechanical properties of cells were evaluated using magnetic twisting cytometry, which measures the angular rotation of ferromagnetic beads bound to cells through antibody ligation on application of a specified magnetic torque. Adhesion of neutrophils to 24-hour tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)–treated ECs, but not to untreated ECs, induced an increase in EC stiffness within 2 minutes, which was accompanied by an increase and a reorganization of F-actin in ECs. A cell-permeant, phosphoinositide-binding peptide attenuated the EC stiffening response, suggesting that intracellular phosphoinositides are required. The stiffening response was not inhibited by ML-7, a myosin light-chain kinase inhibitor, or BAPTA, an intracellular Ca2+ chelator. Moreover, the phosphorylation pattern of the regulatory myosin light chains was unaltered within 15 minutes of neutrophil adherence. These data suggested that the EC stiffening response appeared not to be mediated by myosin light-chain–dependent mechanisms. Concomitantly, neutrophil adhesion to 24-hour TNF-α–treated ECs also induced changes in the biomechanical properties of neutrophils compared to neutrophils bound to untreated ECs. Taken together, these results demonstrated that neutrophil adhesion to TNF-α–treated ECs induces changes in the biomechanical properties of both cell types through actin cytoskeletal remodeling. These changes may modulate neutrophil transmigration across the endothelium during inflammation.