Application of the GEM‐T2 gravity field to altimetric satellite orbit computation

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Abstract
As part of a continuing effort to provide improved orbits for use with existing altimeter data, we have recomputed ephemerides for both the Seasat and Geosat Exact Repeat altimeter missions. The orbits were computed in a consistent fashion, using the Goddard Earth Model T2 gravity field along with available ground‐based tracking data. Such an approach allows direct comparisons of sea level between the two altimeter systems. Evaluation of the resulting ephemerides indicates that root‐mean‐square accuracies of 30–50 cm have been achieved for the radial component of the orbits for both satellites. An exception occurs for the last year of the Geosat Exact Repeat Mission, when the rms radial orbit accuracy degrades to the 1‐m level at times owing to the inability to adequately model the drag force arising from the increased solar activity.