Structures of campanin and rubrocampanin, two novel acylated anthocyanins with p-hydroxybenzoic acid from the flowers of bellflower, Campanula medium L.

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Abstract
The structures of campanin 1 and rubrocampanin 2, major antocyanins from flowers of the purple and pink cultivars of Campanula medium L., have been identified as 3-O-[(6-O-α-L-rhamnosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-7-O-[6-O-(4-{6-O-[4-(6-O-p-hydroxybenzoyl-β-D- glucopyranosyloxy)benzoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy}benzoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosides] of delphinidin, and pelargonidin, respectively, by means of chromatography, FAB-MS, and NMR including negative NOE difference (DIFNOE) spectroscopy. The colour stabilities of both the p-hydroxybenzoylanthocyanins 1 and 2 were examined and found to be relatively unstable compared with that of platyconin, 3-O-[6-O-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-7-O-{6-O-[(E)-4-O-{6-O-[(E)-4-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-caffeoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl}caffeoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl}delphinidin, in neutral aqueous solution.

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