Characterization of heavy-ion damage in ruthenium
- 1 June 1987
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Philosophical Magazine A
- Vol. 55 (6) , 757-777
- https://doi.org/10.1080/01418618708214381
Abstract
Displacement-cascade collapse to form vacancy loops is of fundamental importance to the development of damage structures in irradiated metals. In the present experiments, displacement cascades have been generated in ruthenium, a high melting-point hexagonal metal with a c/a ratio of 1.58, by irradiation with heavy ions having a range of masses and energies. A detailed transmission electron microscopy analysis of the vacancy loops formed by cascade collapse has shown that four distinct sets of loop geometries are present. In a majority of cases the cascades collapse initially on to the {1010} prism planes to form loops with Burgers vector b=½〈1010〉 and it is shown that these can subsequently unfault to form perfect ⅓ 〈1120〉-type loops. When the incident-ion-beam direction lies in the basal plane, a minority of the cascades collapse on to the basal planes to form faulted ½[0001] loops and these can transform to a lower-energy faulted loop with b of the type ⅙〈2023〉. From determination of the loop size distributions, estimates have been made of the prism and basal intrinsic fault energy. The possible reasons for the formation of the higher-energy faulted basal loops and their apparent loss during examination are considered.Keywords
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