Deformities in Capniidae (Plecoptera) from the Bow River, Alberta

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Abstract
Deformities occurred on the antenna, maxilla, labium, and cercus of two species of Plecoptera, Isocapnia integra Hanson and Utacapnia Columbiana (Claassen), from the Bow River in Alberta. The highest incidence of aberrant appendages occurred at sites downstream from domestic and industrial sewage outfalls. Deformities were absent or not frequent in these species at pristine sites. Domestic and industrial pollutants are implicated as the cause of these deformities.

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