EFFECTS OF SOIL-TEMPERATURE AND PLANTING DATE OF WHEAT ON MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA REPRODUCTION, SOIL POPULATIONS, AND GRAIN-YIELD

  • 1 January 1981
    • journal article
    • research article
    • Vol. 13  (3) , 338-345
Abstract
Wheat cultivars ''Anza'' and ''Produra'' grown in winter in California [USA] were planted in M. incognita-infested and noninfested sandy loam plots in Oct. (soil temperature 21.degree. C) and Nov. (soil temperature 16.degree. C) of 1979. M. incognita penetrated roots of mid-Oct. planted ''Anza'' (427 juveniles/g root), developed into adult females by Jan., and produced 75 eggs/g root by harvest in April. Penetration and development did not occur in late plantings. ''Anza'' seedlings grown in infested soil in pots buried in field soil in early spring were not invaded until soil temperature exceeded 18.degree. C. M. incognita juveniles can migrate through soil and penetrate roots at temperatures > 18.degree. C (activity threshold), however, development can occur at lower temperatures. Grain yields were not significantly different between nematode infested (3390 kg/ha) and noninfested (2988 kg/ha) plots. Winter decline of eggs and juveniles in 2 late plantings and in fallow soil were 69, 72 and 77%, respectively, but egg and juvenile decline was only 40% in the early ''Anza'' plots that supported nematode reproduction in the spring. Delay of planting date until soil temperature is < 18.degree. C is suggested to maximize the use of wheat in rotation as a nematode pest management cultural tactic for suppressing root-knot nematodes.

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