Biological Activities of Crude Polysaccharide Extracted from Two Different Immunotype Strains of Hemophilus gallinarum in Chickens

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Abstract
Biological activities in chickens of crude polysaccharide extracted from 2 different immunotype strains of H. gallinarum (HG), strains 221 and S1, were studied to clarify a type-specific protecting antigen and a toxin. Crude polysaccharide materials extracted from strains 221 and S1 were protective and toxic to chickens. They contained at least 2 heat-labile antigens. When the polysaccharide materials were subjected to gel filtration on Sepharose 6B by tracing at 280 and 490 nm, the protective and toxic activities were fractionated as peak-1 and -2 polysaccharides, respectively. The fraction of peak-1 polysaccharides from strains 221 and S1 were eluted at void volume. Cross-protection was not found between strains 221 and S1 in the fraction of peak-1 polysaccharide. Hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody to type 1 hemagglutinin of HG (trypsin-sensitive hemagglutinin) was detected in chickens immunized with this fraction from strain 221 but not with that from strain S1. Type specificity between both strains was also found in this fraction by agar-gel precipitation (AGP) test. The toxic fraction of peak-2 polysaccharide, which caused hydropericardium in chickens, had a lower MW than did that of peak-1 polysaccharide. It did not give HI antibody in chickens. Common antigenicity between strains 221 and S1 was found in the peak-2 polysaccharide by AGP test.

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