Abstract
A migration-selection model with frequency-dependent predation is described that can explain all the features of morph ratio clines. The model is applied to the clines of the melanic morphs of the moth species Biston betularia and Phigalia pilosaria measured between Liverpool and northeast Wales. It is found that strong non-visual selection and weak frequency-dependent predation are needed to explain both these clines. The selection parameters for non-visual selection in both these species are obtained from the data.

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