Congenital nasolacrimal duct mucocele

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Abstract
Congenital nasolacrimal duct mucocele is a special form of dacryostenosis in newborns, characterized by a cystic swelling of the lacrimal sac area, already present at birth. Dacryocystography or computed tomography will demonstrate an enlarged sac and nasolacrimal duct. This condition should be differentiated from other anomalies of this area like lacrimal sac diverticulae, dacryocystitis, meningocele or meningoencephalocele. The authors review the embryological development of the lacrimal drainage system and discuss the possible mechanisms responsible for the development of a nasolacrimal duct mucocele. They review the relevant literature and discuss the incidence of this condition. If a nasolacrimal duct mucocele does not resolve spontaneously, it may be cured by massage, probing or drainage via a nasal approach. The authors present three case reports, which illustrate the various degrees of severity of a nasolacrimal duct mucocele and the therapeutic approaches that were used.

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