Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor promotes neovascularization by releasing vascular endothelial growth factor from neutrophils

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Abstract
SPECIFIC AIMSThe granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a growth factor used for stem and progenitor cell mobilization in malignant and nonmalignant disease, has been shown to have angiogenic potential.We hypothesized that G-CSF promotes angiogenesis by 1) increasing the number of myelo-monocytic cells (neutrophils), a rich source of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor, and 2) the ability of VEGF to co-mobilize VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2)+ endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR1)+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) from bone marrow (BM). We tried to understand 3) whether G-CSF-mediated angiogenesis in the ischemic tissue is driven primarily by VEGF signaling through VEGFR1, VEGFR2, or both receptors.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS1. G-CSF improves EPC mobilization and angiogenesis by stimulating VEGF secretion from neutrophilsWe investigated whether G-CSF promotes angiogenesis indirectly by promoting the secretion of angiogenic factors, like VEGF. Diffe...
Funding Information
  • Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London

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