Additions to the non‐marine fauna of the lower coal measures of the North‐Midlands Coalfields

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Abstract
The main elements of the non‐marine fauna are reviewed in stratigraphical order in the light of recent revisional work on the Anthracosiidae. Attention is directed towards non‐marine facies and to the lesser known faunas from the upper half of the Lower Coal Measures, from which Carbonicola extenuata and C. proxima spp. nov. are described. Evidence is adduced to suggest that the boundary between the lenisulcata and communis Zones, defined by Wray and Trueman (1934) at the top of the Elland Flags in Yorkshire, should be lowered to the horizon of the Upper Band Coal—Pasture Mine.Detailed work on the Bassy Mine succession (Eagar 1952a) has been extended southward to Huyton, near St. Helens, Pott Shrigley in Cheshire, and to Goyt's Moss in Derbyshire. A summary of results of a special study of shells from about the horizon of the Lower Foot Mine at Goyt's Moss reveals evidence bearing on shell shape and ecological station which is generally in conformity with results from other horizons elsewhere (Eagar 1953b).One new marine or estuarine phase (15 feet above the Six Inch Mine near Bacup) and 11 non‐marine horizons, or records of them, have been found or re‐discovered in Lancashire. New localities and two new non‐marine horizons have been found in Yorkshire. Descriptions of faunas include those of Carbonicola sp. nov. cf. bipennis (Brown), from the horizon of the Lower Foot Mine, assemblages of C. artifex Eagar and variants, and Carbonicola torus Eagar. The species Anthraconaia (?) prisca (Trueman) is now referred to the genus Carbonicola. Anthraconaia sp. nov. has been discovered on a horizon probably below the Upper Band Coal in a boring at Laisterdyke near Bradford. Another new Anthraconaia has been found with Carbonicola torus, C. aff. bipennis and shells resembling Anthracosia from the Modiolaris Zone, near the top of the Elland Flags at Kirkheaton, Huddersfield. Anthraconaia cf. modiolaris (J. de C. Sowerby) has been found in a similar fauna in the basal communis Zone, 60 feet below the Arley Mine at Bolton, Lancashire.